ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

If you are on ubuntu and want to connect to running sql, if you are getting this error:
do:
$ps -aux | grep mysqld
you'll find some path for:
--socket = /[some path]/mysql.sock
It means your socket file is somewhere else, you need to just make a symbolic link where you system is looking for the socket file.
So do:
$cd /var/run
$sudo mkdir mysqld
$ sudo ln -s /opt/lampp/var/mysql/mysql.sock /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

Thats it.

FDI-small words

FDI: Foreign Direct Investment in retail, I think no government will consciously take any step against aam-admi. Note: a step means an action, reaction may not be honest or courageous. But if you are not a supporter of reservation, why hypocrisy? we should give opportunity to the deserving; even if he is from USA or China. This is structural reform, one taxi is replacing 20 rickshaw-wallah, if you have this reason, then .. :) . I know - a poor will suffer for the moment, but there is hidden betterment of his next generation. More than that the farmer will be direct beneficiary, and we the consumer. Lets not quit from challenges, accept it and face it.. lets hope that our soul will wake up and we'll use our potential to hit back big foreign retailer like Wall-Mart. If a wall-mart node replaces 5000 jobs, that means it gives you extra 5000 man power. Now utilizing that is our job; and I think the growing surrounding will absolutely absorb it. The back-end spectrum will open many other opportunities. I accept that I am not completely okay with PM's speech. He has forgot the actual diesel user and petrol user. Diesel is used by people who cannot have a bike even.. and I feel this number is more important than people who has a two wheeler. Honesty is the best policy, though it may be tough!!! We should not hide our weakness, as it may make you smart for few minutes but fool for lifetime. Lets accept the fair fight!!! Last but not least-we should remember that we were looted in the same way by British!

References:
http://pmindia.nic.in/speech-details.php?nodeid=1226
http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/294491/fdi-in-retail-will-increase-farmers-income-montek.html

Microphone not working on ubuntu (tested on 12.04)

If on UBUNTU microphone is not working for skype or for gtalk: follow these simple steps:


1. Open terminal
2. Hit the following command, you may need sudo

        gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-

base.conf

3. Add following lines at the end of the open file:

        alias snd-card-0 snd-hda-intel
        options snd-hda-intel model=auto

4. Hit the following command on terminal, which will open Alsamixer levels:

        alsamixer

5. Press f4 to see 'capture' Alsamixer levels

6. Maximize all levels
7. Use following command to save it:
        sudo alsactl -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state store

8. Restart.

Use recorder to see the device is working or not, :) 

If any problem post comment here.

Responsible Intellectual- Noam Chomsky

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As soon as questions of will or decision or reason or choice of action arise, human science is at a loss.

You never need an argument against the use of violence; you need an argument for it. -Chomsky

Avram Noam Chomsky is a US linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, and political theorist and activist, and professor of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Chomsky was voted the leading living public intellectual in The 2005 Global Intellectuals Poll conducted by the British magazine Prospect. In a list compiled by the magazine New Statesman in 2006, he was voted seventh in the list of "Heroes of our time". Alongside his career as a linguist, Chomsky has been active in left-wing politics. He has been extremely prolific as a writer: his web-site in 2003 listed 33 book publications in linguistics (broadly construed), and although the individuation of his political books is complicated, their number definitely exceeds 40. According to a 1992 tabulation of sources from the previous 12 years in the Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Chomsky was the most frequently-cited person alive, and one of the eight most frequently-cited authors of all time.

Professor Chomsky was born on December 7, 1928 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At that time his family was the only Jewish family around. He grew up with a visceral fear of Catholics. According to him “they're the people who beat you up on your way to school. So I knew when they came out of that building down the street, which was the Jesuit school, they were raving anti-Semites. So childhood memories took a long time to overcome”. His undergraduate and graduate years were spent at the University of Pennsylvania where he received his PhD in linguistics in 1955. During the years 1951 to 1955, Chomsky was a Junior Fellow of the Harvard University Society of Fellows. While a Junior Fellow he completed his doctoral dissertation entitled, "Transformational Analysis." The major theoretical viewpoints of the dissertation appeared in the monograph Syntactic Structure, which was published in 1957. This formed part of a more extensive work, The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory, circulated in mimeograph in 1955 and published in 1975. Chomsky joined the staff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1955 and in 1961 was appointed professor in the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy. From 1966 to 1976 he held the Ferrari P. Ward Professorship of Modern Languages and Linguistics. During the years 1958 to 1959 Chomsky was in residence at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, NJ. In the spring of 1969 he delivered the John Locke Lectures at Oxford; in January 1970 he delivered the Bertrand Russell Memorial Lecture at Cambridge University; in 1972, the Nehru Memorial Lecture in New Delhi, and in 1977, the Huizinga Lecture in Leiden, among many others.

He is a recipient of the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award of the American Psychological Association, the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences, the Helmholtz Medal, the Dorothy Eldridge Peacemaker Award, the 1999 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science, and others. He is twice winner of The Orwell Award, granted by The National Council of Teachers of English for "Distinguished Contributions to Honesty and Clarity in Public Language" (in 1987 and 1989). In 2005, Chomsky received an honorary fellowship from the Literary and Historical Society. Chomsky received The Uppsala University (Sweden) Honorary Doctor's degree in commemoration of Carolus Linnaeus in 2007. He received the President's Medal from the Literary and Debating Society of the National University of Ireland, Galway in February 2008. In 2010, Chomsky received the Erich Fromm Prize in Stuttgart, Germany.

Professor Chomsky has received honorary degrees from University of London, University of Chicago, Loyola University of Chicago, Swarthmore College, Delhi University, Bard College, University of Massachusetts, University of Pennsylvania, Georgetown University, Amherst College, Cambridge University, University of Buenos Aires, McGill University, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Columbia University, University of Connecticut, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, University of Western Ontario, University of Toronto, Harvard University, University of Calcutta, and Universidad Nacional De Colombia.

He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He is also a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Department of Social Sciences and Faculty Advisory Board of MIT Harvard Research Journal.

On January 22, 2010, a special honorary concert for Chomsky was given at Kresge Auditorium at MIT. The concert, attended by Chomsky and dozens of his family and friends, featured music composed by Edward Manukyan and speeches by Chomsky's colleagues, including David Pesetsky of MIT and Gennaro Chierchia, head of the linguistics department at Harvard University

Chomsky has described his own politics variously as anarchist, anarchosyndicalist, and libertarian socialist, allying himself with both classical anarchism and the critical libertarian Marxist and left communist traditions equally hostile to orthodox Marxism and Leninism. Chomsky maintains that these currents represent the logical development of the Enlightenment precepts of rational and critical inquiry engaged with the social world of which they are part. Chomsky's position on achieving small victories in the short term which "expand the floor of the cage" -- for example, struggles to defend universal public services from privatization -- has not been without controversy, with some anarchists accusing him of reformism and in some cases "statism." Chomsky has countered such accusations with the response that short-term victories aimed at expanding the cage in which we are trapped by capital and state should be seen as "preliminaries to dismantling it."

In February 1967, Chomsky became one of the leading opponents of the Vietnam War with the publication of his essay, "The Responsibility of Intellectuals", in The New York Review of Books. This was followed by his 1969 book, American Power and the New Mandarins, a collection of essays that established him at the forefront of American dissent. His far-reaching criticisms of U.S. foreign policy and the legitimacy of U.S. power have made him a controversial figure: largely shunned by the mainstream media in the United States. In particular, he believes that the dropping of nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were "among the most unspeakable crimes in history".

Chomsky has received death threats because of his criticisms of U.S. foreign policy. He was also on a list of planned targets created by Theodore Kaczynski, better known as the Unabomber; during the period that Kaczynski was at large, Chomsky had all of his mail checked for explosives. He states that he often receives undercover police protection, in particular while on the MIT campus, although he does not agree with the police protection.

He contends that there isn't much difference between slavery, and renting one's self to an owner, or "wage slavery". He feels that it is an attack on personal integrity that destroys and undermines individual freedom. He holds workers should own and control their own workplace.

Chomsky has strongly criticized the foreign policy of the United States. Specifically, he claims double standards in a foreign policy preaching democracy and freedom for all, while promoting, supporting and allying itself with non-democratic and repressive organizations and states such as Chile under Augusto Pinochet, and argues that this results in massive human rights violations. He often argues that America's intervention in foreign nations, including the secret aid given to the Contras in Nicaragua, an event of which he has been very critical, fits any standard description of terrorism.

Chomsky has a broad view of free-speech rights, especially in the mass media; he opposes censorship and refuses to take legal action against those who may have libeled him. He has argued that the mass media in the United States largely serve as a propaganda arm and "bought priesthood" of the U.S. government and U.S. corporations, with the three parties all largely intertwined through common interests. In a famous reference to Walter Lippmann, Chomsky along with his coauthor, Edward S. Herman, has written that the American media manufactures consent among the public. Chomsky has condemned the 2010 Supreme Court ruling revoking the limits on campaign finance, calling it "corporate takeover of democracy." Edward S. Herman and Chomsky's book Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (1988) explores this topic in depth, presenting their "propaganda model" of the news media with numerous detailed case studies demonstrating it.

Chomsky opposes the U.S. global "war on drugs", claiming its language to be misleading, and referring to it as "the war on certain drugs." He favors drug policy reform, in education and prevention rather than military or police action as a means of reducing drug use.

Chomsky is critical of the American state capitalist system and big business, he describes himself as a socialist who sympathizes with anarcho-syndicalism, but is strongly critical of Leninist branches of socialism. He also believes that socialist values exemplify the rational and morally consistent extension of original unreconstructed classical liberal and radical humanist ideas to an industrial context. Specifically he believes that society should be highly organized and based on democratic control of communities and work places. He believes that the radical humanist ideas of his two major influences, Bertrand Russell and John Dewey, were "rooted in the Enlightenment and classical liberalism, and retain their revolutionary character."

Chomsky has stated “America’s advances, particularly in the area of free speech, that have been achieved by centuries of popular struggle, are to be admired." He has also said "In many respects, the United States is the freest country in the world. I don't just mean in terms of limits on state coercion, though that's true too, but also in terms of individual relations. The United States comes closer to classlessness in terms of interpersonal relations than virtually any society."

Chomsky has made major criticisms of the Israeli government, he supports secularism. Chomsky hesitated before publishing work critical of Israeli policies while his parents were alive, because he "knew it would hurt them" he says, "mostly because of their friends, who reacted hysterically to views like those expressed in my work."

Linguistics Journey

He started his linguistic journey by challenging structural linguistics and introduced transformational grammar with his Syntactic Structures, a distillation of his Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory (1955, 75),. This approach takes utterances (sequences of words) to have a syntax characterized by a formal grammar; in particular, a context-free grammar extended with transformational rules. He has always acknowledged his debt to Pāṇini for his modern notion of an explicit generative grammar although it is also related to Rationalist ideas of a priori knowledge.

From Chomsky's perspective, the strongest evidence for the existence of Universal Grammar is simply the fact that children successfully acquire their native languages in so little time. Furthermore, he argues that there is an enormous gap between the linguistic stimuli to which children are exposed and the rich linguistic knowledge they attain (the "poverty of the stimulus" argument). The knowledge of Universal Grammar would serve to bridge that gap. Proponents of this view argue that the pace at which children learn languages is inexplicably rapid, unless children have an innate ability to learn languages. The similar steps followed by children all across the world when learning languages, and the fact that children make certain characteristic errors as they learn their first language, whereas other seemingly logical kinds of errors never occur (and, according to Chomsky, should be attested if a purely general, rather than language-specific, learning mechanism were being employed), are also pointed to as motivation for innateness.

Some psychologists and psycholinguists, though sympathetic to Chomsky's overall program, have argued that Chomskyan linguists pay insufficient attention to experimental data from language processing, with the consequence that their theories are not psychologically plausible. Other critics have questioned whether it is necessary to posit Universal Grammar to explain child language acquisition, arguing that domain-general learning mechanisms are sufficient.

Given the aims of Chomskyan linguistic theory, the proper objects of study are the I-languages internalized by native speakers, rather than public E(xternal)-languages used by populations. Chomsky denies that public E-languages are interesting objects of scientific study. Indeed he denies that E-languages can be coherently specified as they simply do not exist. The proper objects of inquiry are I-languages; ‘I’ standing for intensional, internal and individual. An I-language is individual in that each speaker has one. This focus turns the common wisdom on its head. E-languages like English, Swahili and so forth are (at best) radical idealizations for Chomsky, or (at worst) incoherent pseudo-objects. At best, E-languages are the intersection of the common properties of various I-languages. Thus, for example, it is not that speakers communicate because they have a language in common; rather wherever I-languages overlap communication is possible.

Chomsky is famous for investigating various kinds of formal languages and whether or not they might be capable of capturing key properties of human language. His Chomsky hierarchy partitions formal grammars into classes, or groups, with increasing expressive power, i.e., each successive class can generate a broader set of formal languages than the one before. Interestingly, Chomsky argues that modeling some aspects of human language requires a more complex formal grammar (as measured by the Chomsky hierarchy) than modeling others. For example, while a regular language is powerful enough to model English morphology; it is not powerful enough to model English syntax. In addition to being relevant in linguistics, the Chomsky hierarchy has also become important in compiler construction and automata theory.

His contribution to psychology is also noteworthy. Chomsky's work in linguistics has had profound implications for modern psychology. For Chomsky, linguistics is a branch of cognitive psychology; genuine insights in linguistics imply concomitant understandings of aspects of mental processing and human nature.

There are three key ideas. First is that the mind is "cognitive," or that the mind actually contains mental states, beliefs, doubts, and so on. Second, he argued that most of the important properties of language and mind are innate. Like optical illusions cannot be "turned off" even when they are known to be illusions, this model contrasts sharply with the old idea that any piece of information in the mind could be accessed by any other cognitive process.

Chomsky’s models have been used as a theoretical basis in several other fields. The Chomsky hierarchy is often taught in fundamental computer science courses as it confers insight into the various types of formal languages. This hierarchy can also be discussed in mathematical terms and has generated interest among mathematicians, particularly combinatorialists. Some arguments in evolutionary psychology are derived from his research results. Famous computer scientist Donald Knuth admits to reading Syntactic Structures and being greatly influenced by it. "…I must admit to taking a copy of Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures along with me on my honeymoon in 1961 … Here was a marvelous thing: a mathematical theory of language in which I could use a computer programmer's intuition!". The 1984 Nobel Prize laureate in Medicine and Physiology, Niels K. Jerne, used Chomsky's generative model to explain the human immune system, equating "components of a generative grammar … with various features of protein structures". The title of Jerne's Stockholm Nobel lecture was "The Generative Grammar of the Immune System".

References:

http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/20100312.htm

http://www.chomsky.info/bios/2009----.htm

http://www.chomsky.info/bios/2001----.htm

http://www.chomsky.info/bios/2004----.htm

http://www.chomsky.info/bios/2001----02.htm

http://www.chomsky.info/bios/1991----.htm

http://www.chomsky.info/bios/2002----.htm

http://www.chomsky.info/bios/1998----.htm

http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Noam_Chomsky

http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/noam_chomsky.html

Philosophy of Mind

I believe in dualism, not exactly western form of dualism but the dualism from Samkhya Philosophy. This is my foundation for thinking and knowing the truth behind mind and body and Adwaita philosophy of Vedanta gives the rest explanation of it and the creation of this universe.
The actual difference of Samkhya philosophy from western form of dualism is its fundamental distinction between Nature (Prakriti) and Self (Puruṣa) in contrast to the mind and body in the western philosophy. This philosophy looks much more rational to any other philosophy yet this gives me an initial thinking but not complete as this doesn’t explain about the formation of the universe. Searching for all these made me meet with swami Vivekananda’s thought for Vedanta’s Adwaita thought which makes me belief that everything in this world is one, but gives me no formal reason and courage to write it here but yes samkhya says each of us have individual Purusha which I believe is single and omnipresent as reasoned by Vivekananda that two infinity cannot exist in same domain. The great electrical engineer, Nikola Tesla, after listening to Vivekananda's speech on Sankhya Philosophy, was much interested in its cosmogony and its rational theories of the Kalpas (cycles), Prana and Akasha. His notion based on the Vedanta led him to think that matter is a manifestation of energy. After attending a lecture on Vedanta by Vivekananda, Tesla also concluded that modern science can look for the solution of cosmological problems in Sankhya philosophy, and he could prove that mass can be reduced to potential energy mathematically.
Like throwing a stone in a pond gives a reactionary wave towards the stone; this wave is different from the stone so the minds signals are of higher degree in terms of its manifestation. If we throw a stone in a lake and a reactionary wave comes towards the stone; this wave is not like the stone at all, it is a wave. I believe that the mind is no different from this nature except its of higher degree, it needs much more studies to understand. In my opinion this Self is the only absolute every other thing like intelligence, wisdom, imagination are compound which needs the fusion of Nature with Self.
I believe that the mind is the product of the Self and the the nature, this is the reason why the mind behavior changes with the change of the environment or the damage of the brain. The Self is unmanifested absolute higher than the reach of the nature; rather I must say natural language. So sage Kapila was unable to name the attribute of the Self and he termed it without attribute. Mind is just like an object and this Self is like the light, we can see the object but not the light itself without which the mind has no intelligence, will, imagination or thought. The common absolute attribute of all these attribute may give the attribute of the Self. If we can list all the attribute of mind then the highest common factor (HCF) of all these attributes may give the attribute of the Self. Else we need to find the least common divisor (LCD) of whatever attribute we can have for mind. If HCF is equals to LCD then we can say that the Self has only one attribute else it has many. There is no question of the Self having no attribute as anything without attribute is of no use and becomes a closed system.
I always doubted whether a red color makes the same image in me, what it makes with some other person, it may be he calls green a red, I have this doubt for all qualia. If this is the case then our mind are different from each other, and I am sure mind is unmanifested but if it’s not the case we get more probability to understand it.
I raise a question, can P explain P without help of Q, where P, Q are system, I doubt this, even if P explains P then P>=P but P cannot be greater than P and hence P=P. But now I will prove P becomes less than P and unable to explain later because of two reasons, there must be some entropy in P if it consists of matter. Which makes P lesser and hence unable to explain its own nature. We can say this as foolish idea as so many brains can make another P larger than P. But Daniel Dennett’s 1st property of qualia which is ineffable will limit the communication between two Ps, and they will always have a gap inside even they work as one if a brain can express the qualia to other brain, it will not have to express the same and will explain the p on its own which is not possible we have shown earlier.
In support of this an argument for dualism dubbed the “argument from reason” and credit C.S. Lewis who called it “The Cardinal difficulty of naturalism” says that if, as thoroughgoing naturalism entails, all of our thoughts are the effect of a physical cause, then we have no reason for assuming that they are also the consequent of a reasonable ground. Knowledge, however, is apprehended by reasoning from ground to consequent. Therefore, if naturalism were true, there would be no way of knowing it—or anything else not the direct result of a physical cause—and we could not even suppose it, except by a fluke.

Some more arguments for dualism:
If my mental processes are determined wholly by the motions of atoms in my brain, I have no reason to suppose that my beliefs are true ... and hence I have no reason for supposing my brain to be composed of atoms. —J. B. S. Haldane, Possible Worlds, page 209
In his essay Is Theology Poetry; Lewis himself summarizes the argument in a similar fashion when he writes:
If minds are wholly dependent on brains, and brains on biochemistry, and biochemistry (in the long run) on the meaningless flux of the atoms, I cannot understand how the thought of those minds should have any more significance than the sound of the wind in the trees. —C. S. Lewis, the Weight of Glory, page 139
Only our physical similarity can’t say that each of us have same mind, finding that must be our first goal one of the answer to the body mind interaction could be the Self. As the ball of pool gets momentum from a moving ball so an action in this materialistic world needs materialistic momentum, this may be a big question for dualism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy mentions two possible replies to this objection. The first reply says that it might be possible for mind to influence the distribution of energy, without altering its quantity. Another possibility is to deny that the human body is a closed system. Since the principle of conservation of energy applies only to closed systems, the objection becomes irrelevant. Catholic Encyclopedia mentions the same replies. Another reply to this objection is that there is a possibility that the interaction may involve dark energy, dark matter or some other currently undefined scientific process, however in this case dualism is replaced with physicalism, or the interaction point is left for study at a later time when these physical processes are understood. Apart from this another reply was made by the non-deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics, where event at the microscopic level can be concluded to be indeterminate, where degree of determinism increases with the increase of the scale of system. I do not accept the argument against dualism from the biological development perspective because the imagination, though have never increased but changed with time with arrangement of the brain cells, moreover as I mentioned earlier all these are attribute of the Self and the Nature. The argument from simplicity that poses a query to dualism why anyone should find it necessary to believe in the existence of two, when it seems possible and would make for a simpler thesis to test against scientific evidence, to explain the same events and properties in terms of one. It is a heuristic principle in science and philosophy not to assume the existence of more entities than is necessary for clear explanation and prediction. This argument was criticized by Peter Glassen in a debate with J. J. C. Smart in the pages of Philosophy in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Glassen argued that, because it is not a physical entity, Occam's Razor cannot consistently be appealed to by a physicalist or materialist as a justification of mental states or events, such as the belief that dualism is false. Mental events are subjective by nature whereas physical are not. Viz. how the music of AR Rehman sounds like. Experiments like Mary’s room and zombie argument are supporting the dualism.
The existence of special sciences not reducible to physical science gives the reason to think the existence of the mental.

Is there any way to know this Self (Purusha)?
Dr Michio Kaku, the co-founder of string field theory, in his article” Hyperspace and a Theory of Everything” gave nice explanations how a higher dimensional being can have very good idea and explanations of our 3D world’s unexplained questions like we can enter into the circle without cutting its parameter and we can become the omnipresent for a flat world.

References:
1. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/
2. http://www.iep.utm.edu/sankhya/
3. Samkhyakarika Of Isvara KRSNA
4. http://en.wikipedia.org
5. http://mkaku.org/home/?page_id=258

Chhath

Remember the "Thekua"-taste, I am not non-Bihari so may be missing lavis tase of that, I remember the song by Anuradha Pawdwal Manoj Tiwari, Kalpana Chawala and very lovely song "Kela ke paat par Ugelan Surujwa" in some Bihari language! Hear these songs in some other Season u will surely feel sleepy but during this season I am sure you'll love everything bout Chhat puja(Hindi: छठ). Lets go through the concepts and rituals in connection with this.

Chhath (also called Dala Chhath) is an ancient Hindu festival dedicated to Lord Surya (Sun), Agni (fire) and Lord Kartikeya or Muruga, also known as Surya Shashthi, unique to Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai to thank Surya for bestowing the bounties of life on earth and fulfilling particular wishes. This major festival is also celebrated in the northeast region of India, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, some parts of Chhattisgarh, some parts of West Bengal, Orissa, Assam, Mauritius, mainly among the Bhojpuri and Maithili peaking people. Chhath is also important for Nepalese worshippers of the Sun god as well as in eastern Uttar Pradesh.. Even in Tamil Nadu, the migrants from the north celebrate Chhath beside the sea beach. Hymns praying to the sun can be found in the Vedas, the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism. Practised in different parts of India, the worship of the sun has been described in the Rigveda. Besides Hindus it also celebrated by Sikhs and Jains and is decided by Lunar Calendar.

Chhath is a way to be grateful to the Sun for giving the bounties of life on earth and for the fulfilment of wishes of believers. It is a festival of reverence to the solar deity, the only festival in the world where devotees offer salutations to the setting sun. Unlike Holi or Diwali, Chhath is a festival of prayer and appeasement observed with somberness, a festival that should not be missed. It is held in high esteem and regard.

A million lit lamps with thousands hands offering ‘Arghya’ to the sun makes it a delightful sight. The enormous faith in Chhat Puja has made it one of the most popular festivals this region.

Important Dates:

2008: 3 November

2009: In 2009, the date of main Chhat puja is October 24 and October 25. Chhat Sandhya Argh (Chhat Dala Evening puja) is on October 24 and Chhath Suryodaya Argh (Chhath Dala Morning puja) is on October 25. Nahai Khai is on October 22 and Kharna is on October 23.

2010:11 November

Etymology

The word chhath denotes the number 6 in Hindi ^[and the festival begins on the sixth day of the Hindu lunar month of Kartik, which corresponds to months of October and November in the Gregorian calendar (a week after Diwali). Chhath is the holiest Hindu festival of Bihar and extends to four days.

Mythology

The ancient Sanskrit epic Mahābhārata has references to Draupadi, wife of the Pandavas, worshipping the sun, which was believed to help cure a variety of diseases, including leprosy, and ensure longevity and prosperity of family members, friends, and elders. In addition, it is believed that Chhath was started by Karna, the son of Surya, who became a great warrior and fought against the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra War.

Beliefs:

It is commonly believed that the wishes of the devotees are always granted. Also, the devotees dread the punishment for any misdeed during Chhatt. Therefore, the city remains safe and experiences peace during this time when even criminals prefer to behave.

Some interesting Facts:

You know how much pollutated is the bank of maximum river of India though it will be cleaned at the actual time. When we were teenages we use to go to capture tha land on the bank of River for the Pehla Aragh and Dwitiya Aragh.

Some sale these lands to needy, some does the whole Ghat() at the midst of river by using many Bags of sand placing them on river where there is lesser depth.

Festival

It is celebrated twice a year: once in the summers (May-July), called the Chaiti Chhath, and once in the winter (September-November) around a week after Deepawali, called the Kartik Chhath. The latter is more popular because winters are the usual festive season in North India, and Chhath, being an arduous observance, requiring the worshippers to fast without water for more than 24 hours, is easier to undertake in the Indian winters.

Chhath is mainly a Bihari festival, and so it is celebrated wherever people from Bihar have migrated. This is a ritual bathing festival that follows a period of abstinence and ritual segregation of the worshiper from the main household for four days. During this period, the worshiper observes ritual purity, and sleeps on the floor on a single blanket. The main worshipers, called Parvaitin (from Sanskrit parv, meaning 'occasion' or 'festival'), are usually women. However, a large number of men also observe this festival. The parvaitin pray for the well-being of their family, for prosperity and offspring. They can only perform Chhath if it is passed on to them from their older generation. However, once they decide to do it, it becomes their duty to perform it every year. The festival is skipped only if there happens to be a death in the family that year.

On the eve of Chhath, houses and surroundings are scrupulously cleaned. One the first day of the festival, the worshiper cooks a traditional vegetarian meal and offers it to the Sun God. This day is called Naha-Kha (literally, 'Bathe and eat'!). The worshiper allows herself/himself only one meal on this day.

On the second day, a special ritual, called Kharna, is performed in the evening after Sun down. On this day also, the worshiper eats his/her only meal from the offerings (Prashad) made to the Sun God in this ritual. Friends and family are invited to the household on this day to share the prashad of the ritual. From this day onwards, for the next 36 hours, the worshiper goes on a fast without water.

The evening of the next day, the entire household accompanies the worshiper to a ritual bathing and worship of the Sun God, usually on the bank of a river, or a common large water body. The occasion is almost a carnival. Besides the main worshiper, there are friends and family, and numerous participants and onlookers, all willing to help and receive the blessings of the worshipper. Ritual rendition of regional folk songs, carried on through oral transmission from mothers and mothers-in-law to daughters and daughters-in-law, are sung on this occasion. The same bathing ritual is repeated on the following day at the crack of dawn. This is when the worshipper breaks his/her fast and finishes the ritual. Chhath being celebrated at the crack of the dawn on a river bank is a beautiful, elating spiritual experience connecting the modern Indian to his ancient cultural roots.

The folk songs sung on the eve of Chhath mirror the culture, social structure, mythology and history of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Nowadays, modern Chhath songs, largely Bollywood film remixes have caught on, but the old tradition still goes strong with a great degree of sanctity. The three main linguistic regions of Bihar: the Maithili, the Magadhi, and the Bhojpuri, and all the various dialects associated with these, have different folk songs; but have an underlying unity in their dedicated to Chhath. The minor nuances of the Chhath rituals, such as in the Kharna ritual, vary from region to region, and also across families, but still there is a fundamental similarity.

The Days Of Festivity:

The festival of Chhatt is marked by celebrations and rituals that last 4 days.

As mentioned earlier it's significance may be completion of some particular wish they may be accompanied with some pre multi week Bhiksha from door to door for Paise or cereals.

During the Chhat puja devotees cook food with dry wood on new oven made of brick and soil and the cooked food is ‘Prasad’ or offerings to Sun God. Garlic and Onions are not used during Chhat period.Most of the Devotee families start their cleaning and preparing before Deepawali, They will atleast wont eat any non veg items including Garlic, Eggs(Gandhi believed it as not non veg but Milk Non-veg), Onion.

Nahai Khai first day of Chhat

The first day of Chhat is dedicated to cleaning, preparation and purification and is known as Nahai Khai. Thousands of devotees have an early morning bath in Ganga River on the day. The main food cooked on the day is rice, chana dal, and green gourd (lauki). Lauki is an important preparation on the day and therefore the cooking and the day is also referred as Lauki Bhat.

Kharna fasting second day of Chhat

Fast or Upvaas begins on the second day and this is referred as Kharna. The fast is broken after performing a puja at home in the evening. Kheer, sweets and fruits are offered to deities and then the whole family shares the Prasad. Before having the Prasada it is also compulsory to offer them to ancestors in some isolated places where it is believed that they will come in some form and they will have it. The prasada is also accompanied with one lovely and unique kind of Paratha called Sohari composed of two chapatis fried on small amount of edible oil. Another round of fasting begins after the prasad is shared. This fast is usually broken on the fourth day morning. Some part of them or all say that this day is most important Day.

Chhat Sandhya Argh third day of Chhat

Chhath is the only time when the setting sun as apposed to its rising is celebrated for its glory as the cycle of birth starts with death. After sunset, the devotees return home where celebration takes place by singing hymns while devotees maintaining a strict fast without even water for 3 days. Such is the faith in the “Chhat Maiya” as popularly called.

On the third day in the evening, Chhat Sandhya Argh is offered. Devotees offer ‘Argh’ to setting sun (Lord Surya) along with ‘soop’ at a pond, seashore or riverbank. ‘Argh’ and ‘soop’ are offerings and consists of flowers, fruits, sprouted grains, dry coconut, sugarcane, white radish, sweets and khajurees. The offering is made to Surya by standing in knee-deep water.

In the evening pujas are performed at home and a special puja is done for Agni – fire god. This puja is performed in a special area cordoned off by four sugarcane sticks.

Some may offer Dand-Pranam to Surya for promise they had with Sun God on both Pehla Aragh and Dwitiya Aragh. Some Devotee may be accompanied with some nice sound Systems or some Music Band.

Chhath Sooryodaya Argh fourth day of Chhat

On the fourth day morning, Chhath Sooryodaya Argh is performed. Devotees repeat the rituals performed on the third day evening for rising sun. What is left after offering to Lord Surya is shared as Prasad and the Chhat Puja comes to an end.

They offer ‘Arghya’ and chant mantras and hymns from the Rig Veda and commence the puja. The devotees break the fast. Prasad is distributed. According to belief if you beg for the Prasad all wishes will come true. We sometime make it good times with firework just like Deepawali.

Sun is God of Success So Enjoy it......... I love it.

Love against terrorism

What kinda title is this?
Love.. huh! they need gun not fun.. you may be thinking.. looking at the title of this blog. As a mathematician the 1st question comes into mind i.e. Is there any solution for the problem of terrorism in India?
Before that I would like you to take to another problem where I will place a statement-"every problem has a solution".

Some believe that the above statement is false, argumenting that the set of problem is uncountably infinite, as if we look at the history we can't start counting the problems moreover we don't have enough records of statements of problem arose, but when we look into the solution we can start counting the solutions, as someone is using the solution or someone have recorded the solution, so we can map the problem set as the real numbers and the solution set could be mapped as to Natural numbers.So if we start relating each of the problem set to one of the solution set we will find many members belonging to the former having no images. So there are problems having no solutions.

I argue- both of them are uncountably infinite, logic behind this goes like-
Can you tell me how can we start counting the solution set or which solution could be termed as the 1st solution?- I feel you are here with only thinking capacity.For the time being take the problems belonging to our spatial 3D world. The problem set and the solution set belongs to the same world, but when I say you have placed a problem on 29th July 2002, I'll say still your problem belongs to the same dimension, but when I say you can take your own time, I'm adding a more dimension to your solution set, its very interesting to find that if you are a being belonging to the upper dimension, you will have the most complex problem in the smaller dimension easily solved, In one sentence a higher dimensional being could act like God to us, can be connected to most popular theory like Super Strings Theory, I have learned these interesting things from a very Influential and Intelligent author and Professor known as Dr. Michio Kaku.


So we are here solving the same in two ways.. taking this as urgent problem or as Important problem.

If you place a time limit to a question I'll say It may be unsolved, but if you dont place any time limit I'll say the problem will be solved..I'm damn sure about it.

Most of the people will start suggesting that we should take it as Urgent problem.. I don't have any problem with this kind of view but this is like an extremist view. Where you are indirectly becoming a terrorist against terrorist, don't be anger as this is another property of terrorist you are inheriting, this post is for one who has in his mind the solving the problem in primary but not for one who has hate for terrorist in primary and wiping terrorism as global basis and for permanent measure as secondary. Never use the same path used by your enemy, as that may make the war brutal with two lion, and may make you your enemy like. And remember a extreme step which fails gives you no way to solve the problem again.

You have to keep in mind the only thing the terrorist are not what we think of, they are strong believer and emotional thinker of something innocently arrived conclusion for not exactly their sake but for getting a grater Gravitational power, what we all including non living being try to posses is more gravitational pull or in our domain our quality as explained even by Einstein from his General theory of relativity, not because they are less educated, unintelligent, education is something which helps you in getting wise, knowledge and educations are something called partial parameters on which terrorism depends, the parameter is wisdom, I support education as it is the easiest way to get to wisdom but it is not sufficient and necessary way to get to wisdom and what life wants, so knowing terrorism is the 1st and last goal.

They have a believe like what they think is best and they should achieve it urgently, they have got strong emotions towards something, driving yourself with emotion will lead to the same path, then comes only one thing driving yourself with logic, that's what I wanted to light more on and used a few mathematical Concepts with simple thinking. Extremists are one who has got no difference in fact and rational derivation, rational thinking and perfect thinking as a very small but important difference, the fruit of our work depends on two things one is the actor and the other is his surroundings. Sometimes we have done right things at right time still we find no expected fruit and then we feel that the work is not done properly that is wrong, I'll say if you are not lying to yourself, the work was done rationally not perfectly, perfect things are what is perfect you have got the fruit, and the rational approach is somewhat like you have done everything correctly still you have not achieved it. So rational thinking is something like which should be upgraded all the time to make it close to perfect thinking, like you have to change the theories if it doesn't fit the fact, the terrorists are doing something reverse i.e. change the fact if it doesn't fit the theory. You have to constantly search for the truth make a feedback from your last achievement to the next activities analysing database.

Suppose you and your life partner are black, your parents may be white for the time being forget that, and you have 4 son, 3 of them are black and one of them is white, the three of the black son are quit confident that - that home is their home, suddenly the white guy is at a crossing from where there goes two path one for Inferiority Complex and the other for no complex, you can't get him to Superiority Complex at-least at his home*. So if one of the black fellow makes a small fault the white guy may damage your home peace or valuable things at your home or may harm you even. And his mistake could be taken as innocent, immature, unintelligent but not as brutal as your decision, as you are the creator, he is the medium of the thought you started perhaps not an initiating thought. The only one thing I would like to make clear is that if 7 attackers from Mumbai is attacking on some monument, I'm hundred crore-th part of 7 terrorist. I'm not making statement of keeping your hand on hand but I am making clear of what is called duty of Indians, All the time we go for Right without Duty, we all are so much thinking about the election, this is our right if you say its my duty I'll oppose as if (suppose may not be correct it gives an individual though)I don't feel any party to be appropriate for my country then?

There are two kind of solution for this Black White Son problem-either you place an all time camera in your each room to track him, and the other is make him clear that this home is his own, you decide which solution is better. The 1st solution can be gifted from science or our prestigious Organizations like ISRO perhaps ISRO gifted it as RISAT-2 on 20th April 2009. That is not what we can do, and that is what is not so much influenced by Government I feel as they have enough influencing power and intelligent fellows to jump hurdles and keep moving on for the betterment of human society. Then why are we so much discussing on "Fight for truth?" we must be saying "Love for truth" the only solution we can think of is the second one i.e not fight against terrorism but love against terrorism and that falls in the higher dimension having no time limit, so it will be solved but u need to keep patience and to make it rapid you have to give more and more love.

We should take in account our duty not our right, I feel one who is wise should give his vote. If you are wise then only its your duty to vote, If you go in Wikipedia to look at democratic thinkings wrong effect, you can buy votes through good looking bollywood actors, impressive figures, public display of truth filtered picture of leaders, speeches, maximum of parties here are doing this, these activities can change only the mind of irrational people, still why there are so much campaigning? Because here leaders tries to win by buying the votes before election, I hope they could waste their money not on their posters, speeches, transportation, security, .. but on the poor peoples or to make this country walking. Actually they also know that they are going to be influencing only for sometime they do not try to make a stable Goverment, I feel they even don't love their political parties keeping them a hundred million away from loving politics in a good sense, I feel maximum of politicians are good hearted, they have constraints around them in doing a good work, you may ask if their are maximum of politician right then why we are not moving forward?
I'll ask 2 question..

1. If 20 good mangoes are squizzed with 5 rotten mangoes what will you get.. smell of mango or rotten smell?
or a similar question: We all love India then where from the terrorist comes? As a whole we are not at peace.

Again a small statement is to expedite your thought: Democratic principle may lead to one statement that what general people says is right. I'll make you take the example of a this world classifying as medical knowledge, number of patients are larger than number of doctors.

2. Can you say how much your 12 year old child has got his height in last year without using mark up or scales?

We don't analyse Govt. as we take measure of our Child's Height by taking a scale and marking his height on the wall and doing the same after a year and then getting the difference, just seeing at your child you can never tell his growth as he is growing in front of your eyes.


A few things I would like to share?

Have you seen the two of the most Influencing party leaders in our India is not saying about the country but they are just querying with themselves and we people open a TV channel to see it as WWE, Dr. Manmohan Singh is weak- wow what a comment from Advani Ji, if he cannot give respect to the PM's position he must not throw such comments as youngsters always try to learn from them, I won't say anything about what was Dr. Manmohan before he commented against Advani Ji on the same issue, but I am sure now he has a lesser distance from what he was recognised by the opponent.

Here comes our role, I pray to youngsters the reason for war on this earth is worshipping human being, as I feel, so never ever blindly believe a person. Make yourself fully convinced of what you are going to follow. If a man comes out with best experiences in his life and you are a listener, then I'm damn sure a normal intelligent man could look like a teacher to you. So your teacher may be thinking himself a poor student than you, so always have confidence that you are not as fool as you think yourself, and you are not as intelligent as you think yourself.
I pray to all of our leaders, never try to show your achievements, or to bark on stage, as you are their for us not for the opposition party or your family, please don't start a boring serial on news channel, what exactly you are doing? you are taking our resources to show what you have achieved, even you waste 22 rupees for the same, I'll ask you to give 12 eggs for Indian child, at least you could rich a score of 6 to 12 hens.

I pray all our citizens just distribute love not hatred, if our leaders could not set themselves examples for us, then we will set examples for them, one who votes without thinking or knowledge is pouring water on one intelligent and wise thinker's thought, so if you go and vote without reason, or are just influenced by their false speeches or false showing off using good looking/ influencing personalities, from my opinion you are committing crime. Get the power for what you can do, go away from what you cannot do and know the difference between them.

I've come to a conclusion how should we select our leaders.. I have got it through one of the Chanakya Niti's statement, yet I'm not so much happy with his approach of seeing life at least at this time but..... I feel we should see the bright face of everything not looking at darker side, or he may be right at his time.

Tenth statement from Chapter Three:

Give up a member to save a family, a family to save a village, a village to save a country, and the country to save yourself.

Yes find who is best for your locality is best for you. Just go with Non-Cooperation Movement, never cooperate that leader who is wrongly placed by a Political party so that they will think a thousand times before giving ticket to a bad fellow. You can have an Informed choice by visiting http://myneta.info/ and checking the CV of your neta.

The second and the important thing I have gone through Recently was Babari Masjid Demolition.

Two thing may happen:
1. there was a temple there.
2. there was no temple there.

If the 2nd one is truth then I don't know what kinda mistake we Indian have done as I'm not using the word Hindu or Muslim, as last few paragraphs was on the same topic as if someone is the reason for disappointment then that must be a middle step. Actually these things happens in home, as a blind tantrum happens in a family between siblings.

If the 1st is truth then even I'll say we have done wrong, How can we demolish a God's Home for another God's Home. I have not gone through so much through Muslim Religious thought but I strongly believe the same thing must be their too, as for the fact I am just linking Ramakrishna's thought, he meditated on Allah for few days keeping himself aloof from Hindu temples and religions activities, he himself felt Allah. If you can't respect other religion you are the enemy of your own religion. As one human is not judged by his physical fitness but by his behaviour with other people.

I pray to each human being living in each community in India, it may happen one community hurt other, is that good, is that what your religion wants from you to re-attack? I'll say Love in return if you want to break the chain & probably his thought.

India is not for any one community, it belongs to all who loves India, I want to make the whole world love my India.

If something bad happens take it as tantrum, and try to take as much as responsible you can take an behave with the culprit as you behaved with the child who made a big mistake but is you son.

Try not use the same path they are using as that may make you the same at-least from their perspective, try to see everything from 3rd person.